Self-assembly of protein-DNA superstructures for alkaline phosphatase detection in blood.

We designed a paper-based analytical device by integrating horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-encapsulated 3D DNA for visual detection of alkaline phosphatase (ALP). This device allows on-paper sample pre-treatment, target recognition and signal readout, enabling simple (without additional pre-treatment of blood samples) and rapid (within 23 min) determination of ALP in clinical samples.