Immunological biomarkers of tolerance in human kidney transplantation: An updated literature review.
Mohammad MirzakhaniMehdi ShahbaziFarshid OliaeiMousa Mohammadnia-AfrouziPublished in: Journal of cellular physiology (2018)
The half-life of transplanted kidneys is <10 years. Acute or chronic rejections have a negative impact on transplant outcome. Therefore, achieving to allograft tolerance for improving long-term transplant outcome is a desirable goal of transplantation field. In contrast, there are evidence that distinct immunological characteristics lead to tolerance in some transplant recipients. In contrast, the main reason for allograft loss is immunological responses. Various immune cells including T cells, B cells, dendritic cells, macrophages, natural killer, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells damage graft tissue and, thereby, graft loss happens. Therefore, being armed with the comprehensive knowledge about either preimmunological or postimmunological characteristics of renal transplant patients may help us to achieve an operational tolerance. In the present study, we are going to review and discuss immunological characteristics of renal transplant recipients with rejection and compare them with tolerant subjects.
Keyphrases
- kidney transplantation
- dendritic cells
- magnetic resonance
- healthcare
- endothelial cells
- newly diagnosed
- ejection fraction
- induced apoptosis
- oxidative stress
- immune response
- contrast enhanced
- stem cells
- respiratory failure
- drug induced
- computed tomography
- cell proliferation
- induced pluripotent stem cells
- mesenchymal stem cells