Laser Interference Additive Manufacturing: Mask Bundle Shape Bionic Shark Skin Structure.

Here, we explored a new manufacturing strategy that uses the mask laser interference additive manufacturing (MLIAM) technique, which combines the respective strengths of laser interference lithography and mask lithography to efficiently fabricate across-scales three-dimensional bionic shark skin structures with superhydrophobicity and adhesive reduction. The phenomena and mechanisms of the MLIAM curing process were revealed and analyzed, showing the feasibility and flexibility. In terms of structural performance, the adhesive force on the surface can be tuned based on the growth direction of the bionic shark skin structures, where the maximum rate of the adhesive reduction reaches about 65%. Furthermore, the evolution of the directional diffusion for the water droplet, which is based on the change of the contact angle, was clearly observed, and the mechanism was also discussed by the models. Moreover, no-loss transportations were achieved successfully using the gradient adhesive force and superhydrophobicity on the surface by tuning the growth direction and modifying by fluorinated silane. Finally, this work gives a strategy for fabricating across-scale structures on micro- and nanometers, which have potential application in bioengineering, diversional targeting, and condenser surface.