A systematic review and meta-analysis on the value of the external rotation stress test under fluoroscopy to detect syndesmotic injuries.
Fabian Tobias SpindlerV HerterichB M HolzapfelW BöckerPolzer HansSebastian Felix BaumbachPublished in: EFORT open reviews (2022)
The ERST is the only noninvasive test to assess syndesmotic instability and can be conducted bilaterally. The uninjured contralateral side can serve as a baseline reference. Based on the conducted quantitative analysis, the MCS seems to be able to differentiate between stable (intact/1-ligament) and unstable (2-ligament/3-ligament) lesions.