TGF-β1 in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid can be used as a biological indicator of chronic pain in patients with osteoarthritis.
Yen-Chin LiuHung-Tsung HsiaoJeffrey Chi-Fei WangTzu-Cheng WenShiou-Lan ChenPublished in: PloS one (2022)
TGF-β1 but not BDNF, TNF-α, or IL-8 may be an important biological indicator in the CSF of osteoarthritis patients with chronic pain.