Ultrasound-Induced Cascade Amplification in a Mechanoluminescent Nanotransducer for Enhanced Sono-Optogenetic Deep Brain Stimulation.
Wenliang WangKai Wing Kevin TangIlya PyatnitskiyXiangping LiuXi ShiDavid HuoJinmo JeongThomas WynnArjun SanganiAndrew BakerJu-Chun HsiehAnakaren Romero LozanoBrinkley ArtmanLief FennoVivek P BuchHuiliang WangPublished in: ACS nano (2023)
Remote and genetically targeted neuromodulation in the deep brain is important for understanding and treatment of neurological diseases. Ultrasound-triggered mechanoluminescent technology offers a promising approach for achieving remote and genetically targeted brain modulation. However, its application has thus far been limited to shallow brain depths due to challenges related to low sonochemical reaction efficiency and restricted photon yields. Here we report a cascaded mechanoluminescent nanotransducer to achieve efficient light emission upon ultrasound stimulation. As a result, blue light was generated under ultrasound stimulation with a subsecond response latency. Leveraging the high energy transfer efficiency of focused ultrasound in brain tissue and the high sensitivity to ultrasound of these mechanoluminescent nanotransducers, we are able to show efficient photon delivery and activation of ChR2-expressing neurons in both the superficial motor cortex and deep ventral tegmental area after intracranial injection. Our liposome nanotransducers enable minimally invasive deep brain stimulation for behavioral control in animals via a flexible, mechanoluminescent sono-optogenetic system.
Keyphrases
- deep brain stimulation
- parkinson disease
- magnetic resonance imaging
- resting state
- obsessive compulsive disorder
- white matter
- ultrasound guided
- minimally invasive
- contrast enhanced ultrasound
- functional connectivity
- cerebral ischemia
- energy transfer
- spinal cord
- multiple sclerosis
- spinal cord injury
- computed tomography
- living cells
- high glucose
- diabetic rats
- endothelial cells
- oxidative stress
- blood brain barrier
- wild type