Salivary Cytokines as Biomarkers for Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review.
Elena FerrariMargherita E PezziDiana CassiThelma A PertinhezAlberto SpisniMarco MeletiPublished in: International journal of molecular sciences (2021)
The prognosis of patients with oral squamous carcinoma (OSCC) largely depends on the stage at diagnosis, the 5-year survival rate being approximately 30% for advanced tumors. Early diagnosis, including the detection of lesions at risk for malignant transformation, is crucial for limiting the need for extensive surgery and for improving disease-free survival. Saliva has gained popularity as a readily available source of biomarkers (including cytokines) useful for diagnosing specific oral and systemic conditions. Particularly, the close interaction between oral dysplastic/neoplastic cells and saliva makes such fluid an ideal candidate for the development of non-invasive and highly accurate diagnostic tests. The present review has been designed to answer the question: "Is there evidence to support the role of specific salivary cytokines in the diagnosis of OSCC?" We retrieved 27 observational studies satisfying the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Among the most frequent cytokines investigated as candidates for OSCC biomarkers, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α are present at higher concentration in the saliva of OSCC patients than in healthy controls and may therefore serve as basis for the development of rapid tests for early diagnosis of oral cancer.
Keyphrases
- free survival
- end stage renal disease
- induced apoptosis
- newly diagnosed
- loop mediated isothermal amplification
- ejection fraction
- chronic kidney disease
- minimally invasive
- rheumatoid arthritis
- prognostic factors
- coronary artery bypass
- signaling pathway
- high grade
- cell cycle arrest
- peritoneal dialysis
- oxidative stress
- patient reported outcomes
- low grade
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- cell proliferation
- quantum dots
- patient reported