Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis strain diversity underlying pediatric atopic dermatitis.
Allyson L ByrdClay DemingSara K B CassidyOliver J HarrisonWeng-Ian NgSean Conlannull nullYasmine BelkaidJulie A SegreHeidi H KongPublished in: Science translational medicine (2018)
The heterogeneous course, severity, and treatment responses among patients with atopic dermatitis (AD; eczema) highlight the complexity of this multifactorial disease. Prior studies have used traditional typing methods on cultivated isolates or sequenced a bacterial marker gene to study the skin microbial communities of AD patients. Shotgun metagenomic sequence analysis provides much greater resolution, elucidating multiple levels of microbial community assembly ranging from kingdom to species and strain-level diversification. We analyzed microbial temporal dynamics from a cohort of pediatric AD patients sampled throughout the disease course. Species-level investigation of AD flares showed greater Staphylococcus aureus predominance in patients with more severe disease and Staphylococcus epidermidis predominance in patients with less severe disease. At the strain level, metagenomic sequencing analyses demonstrated clonal S. aureus strains in more severe patients and heterogeneous S. epidermidis strain communities in all patients. To investigate strain-level biological effects of S. aureus, we topically colonized mice with human strains isolated from AD patients and controls. This cutaneous colonization model demonstrated S. aureus strain-specific differences in eliciting skin inflammation and immune signatures characteristic of AD patients. Specifically, S. aureus isolates from AD patients with more severe flares induced epidermal thickening and expansion of cutaneous T helper 2 (TH2) and TH17 cells. Integrating high-resolution sequencing, culturing, and animal models demonstrated how functional differences of staphylococcal strains may contribute to the complexity of AD disease.
Keyphrases
- end stage renal disease
- staphylococcus aureus
- microbial community
- ejection fraction
- newly diagnosed
- chronic kidney disease
- high resolution
- peritoneal dialysis
- prognostic factors
- atopic dermatitis
- dna methylation
- cystic fibrosis
- oxidative stress
- induced apoptosis
- drug induced
- adipose tissue
- metabolic syndrome
- mass spectrometry
- early onset
- immune response
- cell death
- smoking cessation
- cell proliferation
- transcription factor
- high glucose
- methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus
- single molecule
- replacement therapy
- stress induced