To relieve pain or avoid opioid-related risk? A comparison of parents' analgesic trade-off preferences and decision-making in 2019 versus 2013 in a single U.S. pediatric hospital.

Findings suggest that parents of children scheduled for painful surgery at our pediatric hospital have become more analgesic risk-averse during the past decade. Parents' analgesic trade-off preferences may influence their decisions to administer prescribed opioids after surgery, which may contribute to children's pain outcomes.