Lifestyle and Pharmacological Interventions and Treatment Indications for the Management of Obesity in Children and Adolescents.
Despina HerouviGeorgios PaltoglouAlexandra SoldatouChristina KalpiaSpyridon KaranasiosKyriaki KaravanakiPublished in: Children (Basel, Switzerland) (2023)
Obesity is a multifactorial chronic impairment that further decreases quality of life and life expectancy. Worldwide, childhood obesity has become a pandemic health issue causing several comorbidities that frequently present already in childhood, including cardiovascular (hypertension, dyslipidemia), metabolic (Type 2 diabetes mellitus, fatty liver disease, metabolic syndrome), respiratory, gastrointestinal and musculoskeletal disorders. In addition, obese children frequently experience stress and psychosocial symptoms, including mood disorders, anxiety, prejudice and low self-esteem. Given that cardiovascular risk factors and pediatric obesity have the tendency to pertain into adulthood, obesity management, including weight control and physical activity, should start before the late teens and certainly before the first signs of atherosclerosis can be detected. This review aims to concisely present options for childhood obesity management, including lifestyle modification strategies and pharmacological treatment, as well as the respective treatment indications for the general practitioner.
Keyphrases
- metabolic syndrome
- weight loss
- cardiovascular risk factors
- physical activity
- insulin resistance
- type diabetes
- bariatric surgery
- cardiovascular disease
- uric acid
- mental health
- public health
- blood pressure
- sleep quality
- young adults
- sars cov
- coronavirus disease
- bipolar disorder
- obese patients
- health information
- skeletal muscle
- replacement therapy
- smoking cessation
- social media
- stress induced