Yolk vitamin E prevents oxidative damage in gull hatchlings.

Oxidative stress experienced during early development can negatively affect diverse life-history traits, and organisms have evolved complex defence systems against its detrimental effects. Bird eggs contain maternally derived exogenous antioxidants that play a major role in embryo protection from oxidative damage, including the negative effects on telomere dynamics. In this study on the yellow-legged gull (Larus michahellis), we manipulated the concentration of vitamin E (VE) in the egg yolk and analysed the consequences on oxidative status markers and telomere length in the hatchlings. This study provides the first experimental evidence that, contrary to the expectation, a physiological increase in yolk VE concentration boosted total antioxidant capacity and reduced the concentration of pro-oxidant molecules in the plasma, but did not reduce telomere attrition or ameliorate oxidative damage to proteins and lipids in the early postnatal period.