Comparison of gradient echo and gradient echo sampling of spin echo sequence for the quantification of the oxygen extraction fraction from a combined quantitative susceptibility mapping and quantitative BOLD (QSM+qBOLD) approach.

GESSE yields higher parameter accuracy in simulated gray matter but produces unphysiological gray-white matter contrast in OEF in vivo. GRE produces uniform OEF maps in vivo and is more efficient, which could facilitate a clinical implementation, but revealed biases in simulation. The appropriate sequence should be chosen depending on application.