Soft tissue status and crestal bone loss around conventionally-loaded dental implants placed in cigarette- and waterpipe (narghile) smokers: 8-years' follow-up results.

Fatemah AlahmariFawad JavedZain Uddin AhmedGeorgios E RomanosAbdulaziz A Al-Kheraif

Published in: Clinical implant dentistry and related research (2019)

Cigarette-smokers and waterpipe users are vulnerable to peri-implant soft tissue inflammation and CBL than never-smokers. There is no variation in the severity of peri-implant soft tissue inflammation and CBL in waterpipe and cigarette users.

Keyphrases

soft tissue
smoking cessation
bone loss
oxidative stress
drug delivery
cancer therapy