Transgenerational hormesis and sublethal effects of five key insecticides for controlling Spodoptera frugiperda on its endoparasitoid Cotesia marginiventris.

induced the transgenerational hormetic and sublethal effects on C. marginiventris. Our results provide a scientific basis for a better understanding of the long-term impacts of the insecticides at sublethal doses on the parasitoids, facilitating the development of improved integrated pest management programs for FAW control. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.