Promoting Electrochemical Nitrate Reduction to Ammonia on Silver Nanocrystals Doped with Iron Series Elements.

Electrochemical nitrate reduction to ammonia (NRA) is a promising approach to remove environmental pollutants while producing green NH 3 under ambient conditions. Ag-based nanomaterials have been used in NRA but their iron series elements (Fe, Co, Ni) doping has not been explored yet. Herein, an effective and versatile doping strategy of Ag nanocrystals by iron series elements for efficient NRA is presented. Experimental results show that doping with Fe, Co or Ni can improve the NRA activity. Among the catalysts, AgCo delivers the best performance with a Faraday efficiency (FE) of 88.3 % and ammonia selectivity of 97.4 % at-0.23 V vs RHE, which is 1.9 and 6.2 times higher than that of plain Ag (46.4 % FE and 15.8 % selectivity), respectively. A highest NO 3 - conversion rate of AgCo (91.8 %) is achieved, which maintains 16.4 ppm NO 3 -- N in 4 hours, meeting the drinking water level (~15 ppm NO 3 - -N). Moreover, the FE, selectivity, conversion rate of AgCo do not decay after the four consecutive cycles. It is found that Co doping can effectively induce the change of Ag d-band center for optimized NRA. This work reveals doping effects of iron series elements on Ag-based catalysts, and shows potential practical application in NRA.