A narrative review with practical advice on how to decrease pain and distress during venepuncture and peripheral intravenous cannulation.
Giorgio CozziPaolo ValerioRobert KennedyPublished in: Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992) (2020)
Venepuncture and peripheral intravenous cannulation are two of the most commonly paediatric performed medical procedures in many healthcare settings. These procedures can cause significant pain and distress at any age, during childhood, so appropriate management is strongly recommended. This review examines the evidence related to pain and distress management during venepuncture and peripheral intravenous cannulation, including preparing the environment, assessing and preparing patients, parental involvement and psychological and pharmacological interventions. It specifically refers to neonates, children with cognitive impairment and children with difficult intravenous access. We provide a brief management strategy, with easily implemented techniques to improve daily practice.
Keyphrases
- healthcare
- chronic pain
- high dose
- pain management
- extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
- neuropathic pain
- cognitive impairment
- ultrasound guided
- young adults
- end stage renal disease
- physical activity
- newly diagnosed
- emergency department
- ejection fraction
- chemotherapy induced
- primary care
- intensive care unit
- spinal cord injury
- low dose
- spinal cord
- low birth weight
- health information
- affordable care act