Intrinsic and synaptic properties of adult mouse spinoperiaqueductal gray neurons and the influence of neonatal tissue damage.

The periaqueductal gray (PAG) represents a key target of projection neurons residing in the spinal dorsal horn. In comparison to lamina I spinoparabrachial neurons, little is known about the intrinsic and synaptic properties governing the firing of spino-PAG neurons, or whether such activity is modulated by neonatal injury. In this study, this issue was addressed using ex vivo whole-cell patch clamp recordings from lamina I spino-PAG neurons in adult male and female FVB mice after hindpaw incision at postnatal day (P)3. Spino-PAG neurons were classified as high output, medium output, or low output based on their action potential discharge after dorsal root stimulation. The high-output subgroup exhibited prevalent spontaneous burst firing and displayed initial burst or tonic patterns of intrinsic firing, whereas low-output neurons showed little spontaneous activity. Interestingly, the level of dorsal root-evoked firing significantly correlated with the resting potential and membrane resistance but not with the strength of primary afferent-mediated glutamatergic drive. Neonatal incision failed to alter the pattern of monosynaptic sensory input, with most spino-PAG neurons receiving direct connections from low-threshold C-fibers. Furthermore, primary afferent-evoked glutamatergic input and action potential discharge in adult spino-PAG neurons were unaltered by neonatal surgical injury. Finally, Hebbian long-term potentiation at sensory synapses, which significantly increased afferent-evoked firing, was similar between P3-incised and naive littermates. Collectively, these data suggest that the functional response of lamina I spino-PAG neurons to sensory input is largely governed by their intrinsic membrane properties and appears resistant to the persistent influence of neonatal tissue damage.