Angiography-guided percutaneous thrombin injection for haemostasis of active bleeding complicated by femoral access: a case report.

Active bleeding from a small branch of the femoral artery can occur after catheterisation and may be difficult to treat. Stent-graft placement or embolisation after catheterisation can be a useful solution. However, stent-graft placement is often challenging for the treatment of bleeding around bifurcations, and it may be limited by available stent-graft sizes during emergencies. Embolisation can also be difficult if the vessel diameter is too small to catheterise or if the branching angle is too acute. Thrombin injection is accepted as a safe and effective treatment for iatrogenic or traumatic pseudoaneurysm. However, large haematomas can deter ultrasonographic guidance. We herein report the successful treatment of active bleeding from a small branch of the superficial femoral artery after femoral access by percutaneous direct puncture under angiographic guidance and thrombin injection at the bleeding focus.