Insulin Derived Fibrils Induce Cytotoxicity in vitro and Trigger Inflammation in Murine Models.

Administration of insulin fibrils can lead to cytotoxicity in macrophages. In vivo data demonstrate insulin fibrils to be pro-inflammatory which over time can lead to cumulative cell/tissue toxicity, inflammation, and destructive wound healing. Long term, these tissue reactions could contribute to loss of insulin injection site architecture and function.