The Effect of Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor Blockade on Glucagon-Induced Stimulation of Insulin Secretion.
Rahele A FarahaniAoife M EganAndrew A WelchMarcello C LaurentiClaudio CobelliChiara Dalla ManAdrian VellaPublished in: Diabetes (2023)
Data from transgenic rodent models suggest that glucagon acts as an insulin secretagogue by signaling through the glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1R) present on β-cells. However, its net contribution to physiologic insulin secretion in humans is unknown. To address this question, we studied individuals without diabetes in two separate experiments. Each subject was studied on two occasions in random order. In the first experiment, during a hyperglycemic clamp, glucagon was infused at 0.4 ng/kg/min, increasing by 0.2 ng/kg/min every hour for 5 h. On one day, exendin-9,39 (300 pmol/kg/min) was infused to block GLP-1R, while on the other, saline was infused. The insulin secretion rate (ISR) was calculated by nonparametric deconvolution from plasma concentrations of C-peptide. Endogenous glucose production and glucose disappearance were measured using the tracer-dilution technique. Glucagon concentrations, by design, did not differ between study days. Integrated ISR was lower during exendin-9,39 infusion (213 ± 26 vs. 191 ± 22 nmol/5 h, saline vs. exendin-9,39, respectively; P = 0.02). In the separate experiment, exendin-9,39 infusion, compared with saline infusion, also decreased the β-cell secretory response to a 1-mg glucagon bolus. These data show that, in humans without diabetes, glucagon partially stimulates the β-cell through GLP-1R.
Keyphrases
- type diabetes
- low dose
- glycemic control
- cardiovascular disease
- single cell
- induced apoptosis
- cell therapy
- electronic health record
- blood pressure
- big data
- blood glucose
- machine learning
- adipose tissue
- oxidative stress
- endothelial cells
- metabolic syndrome
- diabetic rats
- high glucose
- liquid chromatography
- signaling pathway
- deep learning
- mesenchymal stem cells
- cell proliferation
- mass spectrometry
- artificial intelligence
- insulin resistance
- gas chromatography