A presumptive role of lower ureteral angles in the difficulty of ureteral access sheath insertion during retrograde intrarenal surgery.
Sung Yong ChoSeung Hoon RyangDong Sup LeePublished in: International urology and nephrology (2020)
The ureteral angle determined by the level of the bladder outlet and the most lateral portion of the lower ureter could be a causative factor for the failure of ureteral access sheath insertion.