Effects of dual inhibition of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system on cardiovascular and renal outcomes: balancing the risks and the benefits.
Giuliano TocciBarbara CitoniVivianne PrestaGiovanna LeonciniFrancesca ViazziBarbara BoninoMassimo VolpeRoberto PontremoliPublished in: Internal and emergency medicine (2019)
Chronic kidney disease is a worldwide health problem often burdened by severe cardiovascular complications. Hypertension represents one of the most important risk factor in affecting cardiovascular profile of chronic kidney disease patients. Since renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system plays a major role in determining cardiovascular outcome, guidelines recommend the use of renin-angiotensin-aldosteron inhibitors in order to control hypertension.
Keyphrases
- chronic kidney disease
- end stage renal disease
- angiotensin converting enzyme
- angiotensin ii
- peritoneal dialysis
- blood pressure
- risk factors
- healthcare
- public health
- ejection fraction
- newly diagnosed
- mental health
- risk assessment
- human health
- clinical practice
- early onset
- skeletal muscle
- metabolic syndrome
- weight loss