Biological variation of the cardiac index in patients with stable chronic heart failure: inert gas rebreathing compared with impedance cardiography.
Tobias TägerHanna FröhlichJennifer FrankeKaren SlottjeAndrea HorschDietmar ZdunekGeorg HessAndreas DöschHugo A KatusFrank H WiansLutz FrankensteinPublished in: ESC heart failure (2015)
Non-invasive measurements of CI are stable over time. Measurement modalities for CI, however, are not interchangeable. Biological variation is less pronounced when obtained by ICG. The influence of low-level exercise on stability of CI depends on the measurement modality.