Who named and built the Désormeaux endoscope? The case of unacknowledged opticians Charles and Arthur Chevalier.

Announced in 1855, the Désormeaux endoscope articulated a scope expansion in medical utility of the uréthroscope initially presented to the Académie de médecine in late 1853. The former epochal term was never formally claimed, and although evidencing creative thinking by Désormeaux himself, production was a poorly acknowledged but seemingly close collaboration with two leading Parisian instrument makers: Maison Chevalier for the optical parts and Maison Charrière for the accessory catheter.