Three Different Learning Curves Have an Independent Impact on Perioperative Outcomes After Robotic Partial Nephrectomy: A Comparative Analysis.

The perioperative results of RAPN are influenced by three different types of learning curves including those for the surgical department, the console surgeon, and the assistant. The influence of the bedside assistant clearly has been underestimated to date because it has a significant impact on the perioperative outcomes of RAPN.