The effects of vagus nerve stimulation on the course and outcomes of patients with bipolar disorder in a treatment-resistant depressive episode: a 5-year prospective registry.
R Hamish McAllister-WilliamsSoraia SousaArun KumarTeresa GrecoMark T BunkerScott T AaronsonCharles R ConwayA John RushPublished in: International journal of bipolar disorders (2020)
In this registry study, participants were not randomized to the study treatment group, VNS Therapy stimulation parameters were not controlled, and there was a high attrition rate over 5 years. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00320372. Registered 3 May 2006, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00320372 (retrospectively registered).