Technique for rapidly forming networks of microvessel-like structures.

Generating microvascular networks is a challenge in tissue engineering. Popular 3D bioprinting techniques use sacrificial structures to generate vascular networks, but those approaches can require expensive equipment and extensive troubleshooting. In this article, a method is presented for easy and rapid generation of centimeter-scale microvascular networks using endothelial cells frozen within sacrificial structures. The method for fabricating and freezing the sacrificial threads of alginate containing cells using a 3D printed coaxial extruder is also described. Experimental results indicate that these microstructures have the potential to enhance cell survival in environments with restricted access to media.