Transforming growth factor-β1 in intrauterine adhesion.
Ayitila AbudukeyoumuMing-Qing LiFeng XiePublished in: American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) (2020)
Intrauterine adhesion (IUA), led by trauma to the basal layer, can prevent the endometrium from growing, resulting in complications in females, such as infertility and amenorrhea. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) plays a crucial role in inducing and promoting the differentiation and proliferation of mesenchymal cells, in the secretion of extracellular matrix-associated components, and is a major cytokine in initiating and terminating tissue repair downstream of the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway. Some evidence supports that TGF-β1 is closely associated with the occurrence and development of IUA, and is regarded as an early risk factor of disease recurrence. Furthermore, the role of TGF-β1 has been demonstrated to be potentially regulated by a variety of cytokines, hormones, enzymes, and microRNAs. This review provides an overview of the expression, function, and regulation of TGF-β1 in IUA, with a brief discussion and perspectives on its future clinical implications on the diagnosis and treatment of IUA.
Keyphrases
- transforming growth factor
- epithelial mesenchymal transition
- signaling pathway
- extracellular matrix
- induced apoptosis
- risk factors
- stem cells
- pi k akt
- risk assessment
- cell proliferation
- adipose tissue
- metabolic syndrome
- cystic fibrosis
- escherichia coli
- current status
- biofilm formation
- cell migration
- pseudomonas aeruginosa
- polycystic ovary syndrome
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- long non coding rna