[Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders].

Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD) represent a typical complication of transplant recipients. Their incidence varies according to the recipient's characteristics and the type of transplanted organ. Their pathogenesis is strongly related to a disbalance between reduced T-cell immune surveillance to avoid graft rejection, and the reactivation of the oncogenic Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) within B lymphocytes, leading to uncontrolled B-cell proliferation and malignant transformation. PTLD represent a spectrum of various histological entities with distinct prognosis. Clinical management mainly focuses on their surveillance and therapeutic strategy is risk-adapted. This review aims to shed light on these rare pathologies whose early detection could greatly improve the prognosis of transplant patients.