Discovery of Paenibacillaceae Family Gram-Negative-Active Cationic Lipopeptide Antibiotics Using Evolution-Guided Chemical Synthesis.

Cationic nonribosomal lipopeptides (CNRLPs) from Paenibacillus spp. have been a rewarding source of Gram-negative-active antibiotics. Here we systematically screened sequenced bacterial genomes for CNRLP biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) that we predicted might encode additional Gram-negative-active antibiotics. Total chemical synthesis of the bioinformatically predicted products of seven such BGCs led to our identification of new laterocidine, tridecaptin, and paenibacterin-like antibiotics with potent activity against both multiple-drug-resistant Gram-negative and Gram-positive pathogens.