Hypoxia induces alterations in tRNA modifications involved in translational control.

Our results reveal that the abundance of RNA modifications for different classes of RNAs under physiological conditions is tissue-specific and responds to hypobaric hypoxia exposure in a tissue-specific manner. Mechanistically, the dysregulation of tRNA modifications under hypobaric hypoxia attenuated the cell proliferation rate, facilitated the sensitivity of tRNA to RNases, and led to a reduction in overall nascent protein synthesis, suggesting an active role of tRNA epitranscriptome alteration in the adaptive response to environmental hypoxia exposure.