Effects of Pulse Charging by Triboelectric Nanogenerators on the Performance of Solid-State Lithium Metal Batteries.

Solid-state lithium metal batteries (SSLMBs) are an emerging technology because they can effectively solve the safety problem facing the lithium-ion batteries with nonaqueous liquid electrolyte. However, the lithium dendrite problem in SSLMBs can still occur at the sites of grain boundaries and defects. It is reported that effective charge procedures enable to suppress the growth of lithium dendrite, especially the pulse charging mode. In this work, SSLMBs were charged by a vertical contact-separation triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG). The effects of the pulse current on the lithium dendrite growth of SSLMBs are studied. It is found that the lithium ions can diffuse uniformly during the intermittent period of the pulse current compared to the constant current charge, so the growth rate of the lithium dendrites is effectively inhibited by the pulse current. At the same time, it is found that the lower the frequency of TENG is, the slower the growth rate of lithium dendrites is. This work provides a guideline for designing an appropriate charging method for durable SSLMBs.