Oral Exposure to Titanium Dioxide E171 and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Induces Multi-Organ Damage in Rats: Role of Ceramide.
Rocio Bautista-PérezAgustina Cano-MartínezManuel Alejandro Herrera-RodríguezMaría Del Pilar Ramos-GodinezOlga Lidia Pérez ReyesYolanda Irasema ChirinoZariá José Rodríguez SerranoRebeca López-MarurePublished in: International journal of molecular sciences (2024)
Food-grade titanium dioxide (E171) and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are common food additives for human consumption. We examined multi-organ toxicity of both compounds on Wistar rats orally exposed for 90 days. Rats were divided into three groups: (1) control (saline solution), (2) E171-exposed, and (3) ZnO NPs-exposed. Histological examination was performed with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Ceramide (Cer), 3-nitrotyrosine (NT), and lysosome-associated membrane protein 2 (LAMP-2) were detected by immunofluorescence. Relevant histological changes were observed: disorganization, inflammatory cell infiltration, and mitochondrial damage. Increased levels of Cer, NT, and LAMP-2 were observed in the liver, kidney, and brain of E171- and ZnO NPs-exposed rats, and in rat hearts exposed to ZnO NPs. E171 up-regulated Cer and NT levels in the aorta and heart, while ZnO NPs up-regulated them in the aorta. Both NPs increased LAMP-2 expression in the intestine. In conclusion, chronic oral exposure to metallic NPs causes multi-organ injury, reflecting how these food additives pose a threat to human health. Our results suggest how complex interplay between ROS, Cer, LAMP-2, and NT may modulate organ function during NP damage.
Keyphrases
- oxide nanoparticles
- human health
- oxidative stress
- room temperature
- quantum dots
- risk assessment
- loop mediated isothermal amplification
- reduced graphene oxide
- endothelial cells
- climate change
- visible light
- aortic valve
- ionic liquid
- heart failure
- electron microscopy
- dna damage
- pulmonary artery
- transcription factor
- cell death
- white matter
- atrial fibrillation
- multiple sclerosis
- mesenchymal stem cells
- pulmonary arterial hypertension
- brain injury
- gold nanoparticles
- coronary artery