GeoBind: segmentation of nucleic acid binding interface on protein surface with geometric deep learning.

Unveiling the nucleic acid binding sites of a protein helps reveal its regulatory functions in vivo. Current methods encode protein sites from the handcrafted features of their local neighbors and recognize them via a classification, which are limited in expressive ability. Here, we present GeoBind, a geometric deep learning method for predicting nucleic binding sites on protein surface in a segmentation manner. GeoBind takes the whole point clouds of protein surface as input and learns the high-level representation based on the aggregation of their neighbors in local reference frames. Testing GeoBind on benchmark datasets, we demonstrate GeoBind is superior to state-of-the-art predictors. Specific case studies are performed to show the powerful ability of GeoBind to explore molecular surfaces when deciphering proteins with multimer formation. To show the versatility of GeoBind, we further extend GeoBind to five other types of ligand binding sites prediction tasks and achieve competitive performances.