Haplotypic analysis of cox1 from Toxocara canis demonstrates five distinct clades that are not geographically defined.
Katy A MartinJeba R J Jesudoss ChelladuraiAbrha BsratCassan PulaskiAlice C Y LeeLindsay A StarkeyMatthew T BrewerPublished in: PLoS neglected tropical diseases (2023)
The five clades of T. canis revealed in this study potentially have unique life histories, traits, or host preferences. Additional investigation is needed to see if these distinct clades represent cryptic species with clinically useful attributes or genotypes with taxonomic value. Evaluation of common mitochondrial genes may reveal distinct populations of zoonotic T. canis.