Using carbohydrate-based polymers to facilitate testicular regeneration.
Aneeqa MajeedHanan AfzalKaleem MaqsoodAmara NoureenZaman GulMuhammad ImranAli AfzalMuhammad Babar KhawarPublished in: Biology of the cell (2024)
Male infertility is a significant global issue affecting 60-80 million people, with 40%-50% of cases linked to male issues. Exposure to radiation, drugs, sickness, the environment, and oxidative stress may result in testicular degeneration. Carbohydrate-based polymers (CBPs) restore testis differentiation and downregulate apoptosis genes. CBP has biodegradability, low cost, and wide availability, but is at risk of contamination and variations. CBP shows promise in wound healing, but more research is required before implementation in healthcare. Herein, we discuss the recent advances in engineering applications of CBP employed as scaffolds, drug delivery systems, immunomodulation, and stem cell therapy for testicular regeneration. Moreover, we emphasize the promising challenges warranted for future perspectives.
Keyphrases
- stem cells
- germ cell
- low cost
- oxidative stress
- wound healing
- healthcare
- primary care
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- risk assessment
- dna damage
- induced apoptosis
- ischemia reperfusion injury
- drinking water
- cell therapy
- diabetic rats
- signaling pathway
- cell proliferation
- health risk
- gene expression
- polycystic ovary syndrome
- machine learning
- mesenchymal stem cells