When Sugar Reaches the Liver: Phenotypes of Patients with Diabetes and NAFLD.
Alba Rojano-ToimilJesus Manuel Rivera EstebanRamiro Manzano-NunezJuan BañaresDavid Martinez SelvaPablo Gabriel-MedinaRoser FerrerJuan Manuel PericàsAndreea CiudinPublished in: Journal of clinical medicine (2022)
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) have been traditionally linked to one another. Recent studies suggest that NAFLD may be increasingly common in other types of diabetes such as type 1 diabetes (T1DM) and less frequently ketone-prone and Maturity-onset Diabetes of the Young (MODY) diabetes. In this review, we address the relationship between hyperglycemia and insulin resistance and the onset and progression of NAFLD. In addition, despite the high rate of patients with T2DM and other diabetes phenotypes that can alter liver metabolism and consequently develop steatosis, fibrosis, and cirrhosis, NALFD screening is not still implemented in the daily care routine. Incorporating a clinical algorithm created around a simple, non-invasive, cost-effective model would identify high-risk patients. The principle behind managing these patients is to improve insulin resistance and hyperglycemia states with lifestyle changes, weight loss, and new drug therapies.
Keyphrases
- type diabetes
- glycemic control
- insulin resistance
- weight loss
- cardiovascular disease
- end stage renal disease
- metabolic syndrome
- ejection fraction
- newly diagnosed
- healthcare
- high fat diet
- chronic kidney disease
- physical activity
- skeletal muscle
- peritoneal dialysis
- emergency department
- palliative care
- machine learning
- quality improvement
- polycystic ovary syndrome
- weight gain