Structural Effect on the Cellular Selectivity of an NIR-Emitting Cyanine Probe: From Lysosome to Simultaneous Nucleus and Mitochondria Selectivity with Potential for Monitoring Mitochondria Dysfunction in Cells.
Chathura S AbeywickramaKeti A BertmanCaroline B PlesciaRobert V StahelinYi PangPublished in: ACS applied bio materials (2019)
Bright red to NIR emitting cyanine probes 2 - 3 were synthesized in very good yields. Probes 2 - 3 exhibited excellent fluorescent quantum yields (ϕ fl ≈ 0.1-0.4) and large Stokes shift (Δλ > 150 nm) due to efficient intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) in the conjugated π system. Organelle specificity of these probes was investigated by live cell fluorescence confocal microscopy studies. Probe 3 exhibited the ability to visualize the cell nucleus and mitochondria simultaneously in live cell samples during imaging experiments. However, in structurally modified probe 2 with different substituents (i.e., benzothiazolium vs benzothiazole), the selectivity of the probe switched entirely toward cellular lysosomes. Spectrometric DNA titration experiments were conducted to confirm the DNA/nucleus selectivity of probe 3 . The study further evaluates the role of the substituent toward DNA selectivity. Probe 3 was identified as a valuable fluorescent marker to visually identify and study mitochondrial dysfunction in live cells via fluorescent confocal microscopy.
Keyphrases
- living cells
- fluorescent probe
- single molecule
- quantum dots
- induced apoptosis
- circulating tumor
- cell cycle arrest
- cell death
- structural basis
- photodynamic therapy
- cell free
- atomic force microscopy
- oxidative stress
- reactive oxygen species
- single cell
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- fluorescence imaging
- molecular dynamics
- human health
- mesenchymal stem cells
- drug delivery
- ms ms
- liquid chromatography
- stem cells
- circulating tumor cells
- bone marrow
- nucleic acid
- risk assessment
- simultaneous determination
- light emitting