Catheter-directed foam sclerotherapy, an alternative to ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy for varicose vein treatment: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Catheter-directed foam sclerotherapy has been demonstrated to have many advantages over ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy, offering superior complete ablation rates in the short-, medium- and long-term follow-ups. It also has a better safety profile, conferring a lower risk of major and minor complications. The conclusions should however be viewed in the context of significant limitations imposed by limited study data.