Radiologists with and without deep learning-based computer-aided diagnosis: comparison of performance and interobserver agreement for characterizing and diagnosing pulmonary nodules/masses.

• Deep learning-based computer-aided diagnosis improves the accuracy of characterizing nodules/masses and diagnosing malignancy, particularly by radiologists with < 5 years of experience. • Computer-aided diagnosis increases not only the accuracy but also the reproducibility of the findings across radiologists.