Metabolic Profiling for the Discovery of Structurally Diverse Gibberellins and Their Precursors from the Endophytic Fungus Fusarium sp. NJ-F5.

Gibberellins (GAs) are well-known tetracyclic diterpenoid phytohormones since the 1950s. In this work, eight skeletally diverse GAs ( 1 - 8 ) including four new compounds ( 1 - 4 ), and three known ent-kaurene diterpenoids ( 9 - 11 ), were isolated from the endophytic fungus Fusarium sp. NJ-F5 by integrating mass spectrometry (MS)- and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolic profiling. Their planar structures and stereochemistry were determined by extensive spectroscopic analyses including MS, NMR, as well as electronic circular dichroism and their calculations, together with single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies. As far as we know, this is a rare report of naturally occurring GAs and their detailed spectroscopic data including MS and NMR in recent decades. Compound 1 , as a new member of GAs family, showed an obvious promoting effect on the seedling's growth of Arabidopsis thaliana .