The Conundrum of 'Long-COVID-19': A Narrative Review.
Mandeep GargMuniraju MaralakunteSuruchi GargSahajal DhooriaInderpaul SehgalAshu Seith BhallaRajesh VijayvergiyaSandeep GroverVikas BhatiaPriya JagiaAshish BhallaVikas SuriManoj GoyalRitesh AgarwalGoverdhan Dutt PuriManavjit Singh SandhuPublished in: International journal of general medicine (2021)
COVID-19 is an ongoing pandemic with many challenges that are now extending to its intriguing long-term sequel. 'Long-COVID-19' is a term given to the lingering or protracted illness that patients of COVID-19 continue to experience even in their post-recovery phase. It is also being called 'post-acute COVID-19', 'ongoing symptomatic COVID-19', 'chronic COVID-19', 'post COVID-19 syndrome', and 'long-haul COVID-19'. Fatigue, dyspnea, cough, headache, brain fog, anosmia, and dysgeusia are common symptoms seen in Long-COVID-19, but more varied and debilitating injuries involving pulmonary, cardiovascular, cutaneous, musculoskeletal and neuropsychiatric systems are also being reported. With the data on Long-COVID-19 still emerging, the present review aims to highlight its epidemiology, protean clinical manifestations, risk predictors, and management strategies. With the re-emergence of new waves of SARS-CoV-2 infection, Long-COVID-19 is expected to produce another public health crisis on the heels of current pandemic. Thus, it becomes imperative to emphasize this condition and disseminate its awareness to medical professionals, patients, the public, and policymakers alike to prepare and augment health care facilities for continued surveillance of these patients. Further research comprising cataloging of symptoms, longer-ranging observational studies, and clinical trials are necessary to evaluate long-term consequences of COVID-19, and it warrants setting-up of dedicated, post-COVID care, multi-disciplinary clinics, and rehabilitation centers.
Keyphrases
- coronavirus disease
- sars cov
- healthcare
- public health
- respiratory syndrome coronavirus
- clinical trial
- ejection fraction
- end stage renal disease
- emergency department
- physical activity
- intensive care unit
- risk factors
- subarachnoid hemorrhage
- depressive symptoms
- blood brain barrier
- resting state
- patient reported outcomes
- mechanical ventilation
- functional connectivity
- artificial intelligence
- pain management