Optimising messages and images for e-cigarette warnings.
Allison J LazardMohammad Ebrahimi KalanSydney NicollaMarissa G HallKurt M RibislJennifer Mendel SheldonCallie WhitesellTara L QueenNoel T BrewerPublished in: Tobacco control (2023)
Vaping warning policies should communicate a broader range of hazards and harms, beyond addiction, to potentially increase awareness of health harms. Images of internal harm or people experiencing harms may be particularly effective at discouraging vaping.