Compartmentalized cross-linked enzyme nano aggregates ( c -CLE n As) toward pharmaceutical transformations.

A new immobilization strategy using compartmentalized nanoreactors is herein reported for two biocatalytic processes: (1) N -acetylneuraminate lyase (NAL) is internalized in NAL- c -CLE n As and used in a continuous flow aldol condensation of N -acetyl-d-mannosamine with sodium pyruvate to N -acetylneuraminic acid; (2) two hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (HSDH) 7α- and 7β-HSDH are incorporated in c -CLE n As and used in a two-step cascade batch synthesis of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA). The versatile use of c -CLE n A demonstrates that this immobilization methodology is a valuable addition to the toolbox of synthetic chemists.