Incidence and predictors of second-line antiretroviral treatment failure among adults living with HIV in Amhara region: a multi-centered retrospective follow-up study.

A high incidence rate of second-line treatment failure was noticed in the study setting. The rate of second-line treatment failure was higher for patients who didn't change drug regimens, who had poor ART adherence, and who were not taking INH. Therefore, addressing significant predictors to prevent treatment failure among ART patients is essential and sustainable monitoring to reduce the risk of treatment failure is also desirable.