The Hedgehog Signaling Pathway in Ischemic Tissues.
Igor GiarrettaEleonora GaetaniMargherita BigossiPaolo TondiTakayuki AsaharaRoberto PolaPublished in: International journal of molecular sciences (2019)
Hedgehog (Hh) proteins are prototypical morphogens known to regulate epithelial/mesenchymal interactions during embryonic development. In addition to its pivotal role in embryogenesis, the Hh signaling pathway may be recapitulated in post-natal life in a number of physiological and pathological conditions, including ischemia. This review highlights the involvement of Hh signaling in ischemic tissue regeneration and angiogenesis, with particular attention to the heart, the brain, and the skeletal muscle. Updated information on the potential role of the Hh pathway as a therapeutic target in the ischemic condition is also presented.
Keyphrases
- signaling pathway
- skeletal muscle
- cerebral ischemia
- stem cells
- ischemia reperfusion injury
- pi k akt
- epithelial mesenchymal transition
- south africa
- gene expression
- endothelial cells
- insulin resistance
- white matter
- subarachnoid hemorrhage
- induced apoptosis
- bone marrow
- atrial fibrillation
- healthcare
- wound healing
- resting state
- vascular endothelial growth factor
- brain injury
- metabolic syndrome
- risk assessment
- cell proliferation
- adipose tissue
- blood brain barrier
- genome wide identification