Embracing ambiguity: Curriculum design and activity theory.

A curriculum innovation for a new UK medical school - Peninsula, launched in 2002 - was grounded in a period of radical pedagogical innovation in medical education in the UK during the 1990s. Part of this thinking was to include the medical humanities as a medium for re-thinking medical practice, especially how medical students might better learn to communicate with patients and colleagues, and how they might become agents of change in progressing medicine through innovations. In designing the curriculum, Cultural-historical Activity Theory (CHAT) was used as a model to 'think', or reconceptualise, the purposes of a curriculum. The first question asked was: 'what do patients want?' Emphasis was placed on resisting a 'will-to-stability' in adopting safe curriculum process, in favour of adopting a 'possibility knowledge' framework that celebrated dialogue. This operated through three 'spearheads', or radical aims: democratic habits, towards the feminine, and tender-mindedness.