Sphenoid sinuses: pneumatisation and anatomical variants-what the radiologist needs to know and report to avoid intraoperative complications.

Michaela Cellina Daniele M GibelliChiara FloridiTahereh ToluianCarlo Valenti PittinoCarlo MartinenghiGiancarlo Oliva

Published in: Surgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA (2020)

We described the anatomical variants of the sphenoid sinuses anatomy, according to their size, shape, degree of pneumatisation, protrusion of anatomical structures into their lumen, superimposition of ethmoid cells (Onodi cells), and presence of accessory septations CONCLUSION: The information provided by this study may help in the identification and description of the anatomical variations of the sphenoid sinuses and their relationship to neurovascular structures.

Keyphrases

induced apoptosis
cell cycle arrest
copy number
high resolution
endoplasmic reticulum stress
oxidative stress
signaling pathway
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