Adult neurogenesis and its role in brain injury and psychiatric diseases.
Yoshitaka HayashiHideo JinnouKazunobu SawamotoSeiji HitoshiPublished in: Journal of neurochemistry (2018)
In the adult mammalian brain, neural stem cells (NSCs) reside in two neurogenic regions, the walls of the lateral ventricles, and the subgranular zone of the hippocampus, which generate new neurons for the olfactory bulb and dentate gyrus, respectively. These adult NSCs retain their self-renewal ability and capacity to differentiate into neurons and glia as demonstrated by in vitro studies. However, their contribution to tissue repair in disease and injury is limited, lending credence to the claim by prominent neuropathologist Ramón y Cajal that 'once development was ended, the founts of growth and regeneration of the axons and dendrites dried up irrevocably'. However, recent progress toward understanding the fundamental biology of adult NSCs and their role in pathological conditions has provided new insight into the potential therapeutic utility of endogenous NSCs. In this short review, we highlight two topics: the altered behavior of NSCs after brain damage and the dysfunction of NSCs and oligodendrocyte precursor cells, another type of undifferentiated cell in the adult brain, in mood affective disorders.
Keyphrases
- brain injury
- cerebral ischemia
- neural stem cells
- white matter
- resting state
- stem cells
- spinal cord
- oxidative stress
- subarachnoid hemorrhage
- bipolar disorder
- spinal cord injury
- mental health
- induced apoptosis
- functional connectivity
- mesenchymal stem cells
- blood brain barrier
- cell death
- young adults
- cell therapy
- cognitive impairment
- wound healing