International tourism, digital infrastructure, and CO 2 emissions: fresh evidence from panel quantile regression approach.

The main motivation behind this study is the importance of tourism and ICT industry in the economic development of a country and their potential effects on the country's environmental quality in the digital era. For empirical analysis, the study applies FMOLS, DOLS, and quantile regression techniques for Asian economies. The findings of the study confirmed that tourism and digitalization improve environmental quality in FMOLS and DOLS models. In the basic quantile regression model, the estimates attached to tourism arrival are positive 5 th quantile to 40 th quantile and then turn negative from 60 th quantile and onwards. Likewise, the estimates attached to tourism receipts in the robust quantile regression model are positive from quantile 5 th to quantile 20 th and negative and increasing from quantile 30 th and onwards. Conversely, the estimates of digital infrastructure are insignificant in the basic quantile model at all quantiles except the 95 th . However, the estimated coefficients of digital infrastructure in the robust model are negative and rising from 40 th quantile to 70 th quantile and negative and declining from 80 th quantile to 95 th quantile. In general, we can say that as the tourism and digital sectors grow, the CO 2 emissions decline.